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Non-wetting fluids percolating into a porous material because of an applied pressure difference are referred to as Intrusion Fluids. The default intrusion fluid for porosimetry is mercury, with the parameters shown below. Other intrusion fluids can be selected from the Materials database. If your system is not listed on the materials database (remembering that the contact angle for an intrusion fluid refers to its contact with a specific, usually unnamed solid), then you need to search for the appropriate value (see examples below) or measure it, ideally with a picolitre goniometer onto a pure, homogeneous, flat sheet of the solid phase material. Save your results as a new material such as 'Mercury in tantalum', or 'Water in PTFE'.
Similarly, if you are using water retention data or porometry data you need to make sure the intrusion fluid is correct for your sample. You can edit the intrusion fluid properties in the materials database browser.
The default parameters for the intrusion fluid (mercury at 20°C, atmospheric pressure) are:
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Density - 13580 kg m-3 |
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Surface (Interfacial) Tension - 0.485 N m-1 |
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Advancing (Intrusion) contact angle - 140° |
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Receding (Extrusion) contact angle - 130° |
Other contact angles are shown below.
Material |
Contact Angle (°) |
Cement |
125 |
Mica |
126 |
Aluminium Oxide |
127 |
Oxidised Surfaces |
140 |
Zinc Oxide |
141 |
Coal |
124 |
Calcite |
146 |
Paraffin Wax |
149 |
Borosilicate Glass |
153 |
Quartz |
132 - 147 |
Glass |
135 - 140 |
Clay |
139 - 147 |
Titanium Dioxide |
141 - 160 |